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GNU ○˒｜Definition｜1st｜20251119205401-00-⌔

GNU - Wikipedia

GNU

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GNU (/ɡnuː/GNOO)12 is an extensive collection of free software (387 packages as of June 2025),3 which can be used as an operating system or can be used in parts with other operating systems.456 Most of GNU is licensed under the GNU Project’s own General Public License (GPL).

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GNU is also the project within which the free software concept originated. Richard Stallman, the founder of the project, views GNU as a “technical means to a social end”.7 Relatedly, Lawrence Lessig states in his introduction to the second edition of Stallman’s book Free Software, Free Society that in it Stallman has written about “the social aspects of software and how Free Software can create community and social justice”.8

Printed 2026-06-28.

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Footnotes

  1. “What is GNU?”. The GNU Operating System. Free Software Foundation. September 4, 2009. Retrieved October 9, 2009. The name ‘GNU’ is a recursive acronym for ‘GNU’s Not Unix’; it is pronounced g-noo, as one syllable with no vowel sound between the g and the n. ↩

  2. Stallman, Richard (March 9, 2006). The Free Software Movement and the Future of Freedom. Zagreb, Croatia: Free Software Foundation Europe. Retrieved February 20, 2007. ↩

  3. Stallman, Richard. “Software – GNU Project”. GNU Project. Free Software Foundation, Inc. Retrieved January 9, 2022. ↩

  4. St. Amant, Kirk; Still, Brian (2007). Handbook of Research on Open Source Software: Technological, Economic, and Social Perspectives. Information Science Reference. ISBN 978-1-59140999-1. OCLC 1028442948. ↩

  5. “GNU Manifesto”. GNU project. FSF. Retrieved July 27, 2011. ↩

  6. Raymond, Eric (February 1, 2001). The Cathedral & the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. O’Reilly Media, Inc. pp. 10–12. ISBN 978-0-59600108-7. ↩

  7. Stallman, Richard (1986), “KTH”, Philosophy (speech), GNU, Stockholm, Sweden: FSF. ↩

  8. Stallman, Richard M.; Gay, Joshua (December 2009). Free Software, Free Society: Selected Essays Of Richard M. Stallman. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 9781441436856. Retrieved March 24, 2016. ↩

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