⏾ Concept Map

Andromeda Galaxy ❍｜appendage｜___｜20260628155835-01-•

Andromeda Galaxy…
Andromeda Galaxy and its two satellite galaxies. Messier 32 above and Messier 110 below.…
Observation data (J2000 epoch)…
Pronunciation/ænˈdrɒmɪdə/
ConstellationAndromeda
Right ascension00 42 44.31
Declination+41° 16′ 9″1
Redshiftz = −0.001004 (minus sign indicates blueshift)1
Heliocentric radial velocity−301 ± 1 km/s2
Distance765 kpc (2.50 Mly)3
Apparent magnitude (V)3.4445
Absolute magnitude (V)−21.567
Characteristics…
TypeSA(s)b1
Mass(1.5±0.2)×108 M
Number of stars~1 trillion (10)9
Size152,000 ly
(46.56 kpc)
(diameter; D isophote)11011
Apparent size (V)3.167° × 1°1
H I scale length (physical)≥100 kpc
(326,000 ly)12
Other designations…
M31, NGC 224, UGC 454, PGC 2557, 2C 56 (Core),1 CGCG 535-17, MCG +07-02-016, IRAS 00400+4059, 2MASX J00424433+4116074, GC 116, h 50, Bode 3, Flamsteed 58, Hevelius 32, Ha 3.3, IRC +40013…

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Footnotes

  1. “Results for Messier 31”. NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. NASA/IPAC. Retrieved 28 February 2019. ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7

  2. Karachentsev, Igor D.; Kashibadze, Olga G. (2006). “Masses of the Local Group and of the M81 group estimated from distortions in the local velocity field”. Astrophysics. 49 (1): 3–18. Bibcode:2006Ap…49…3K. doi:10.1007/s10511-006-0002-6. S2CID 120973010. ↩

  3. Riess, Adam G.; Fliri, Jürgen; Valls-Gabaud, David (2012). “Cepheid Period-Luminosity Relations in the Near-Infrared and the Distance to M31 from Thehubble Space Telescopewide Field Camera 3”. The Astrophysical Journal. 745 (2): 156. arXiv:1110.3769. Bibcode:2012ApJ…745..156R. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/745/2/156. S2CID 119113794. ↩

  4. “M 31”. Retrieved 30 September 2018. ↩

  5. Gil de Paz, Armando; Boissier, Samuel; Madore, Barry F.; et al. (2007). “The GALEX Ultraviolet Atlas of Nearby Galaxies”. Astrophysical Journal. 173 (2): 185–255. arXiv:astro-ph/0606440. Bibcode:2007ApJS..173..185G. doi:10.1086/516636. S2CID 119085482. ↩

  6. Blue absolute magnitude of −20.89 – Color index of 0.63 = −21.52 ↩

  7. Ribas, Ignasi; Jordi, Carme; Vilardell, Francesc; et al. (2005). “First Determination of the Distance and Fundamental Properties of an Eclipsing Binary in the Andromeda Galaxy”. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 635 (1): L37–L40. arXiv:astro-ph/0511045. Bibcode:2005ApJ…635L..37R. doi:10.1086/499161. S2CID 119522151. ↩

  8. “The median values of the Milky Way and Andromeda masses are M = 0.8 × 10 M and M = 1.5 × 10 M at a 68% level” Peñarrubia, Jorge; Ma, Yin-Zhe; Walker, Matthew G.; McConnachie, Alan W. (29 July 2014). “A dynamical model of the local cosmic expansion”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 433 (3): 2204–2222. arXiv:1405.0306. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.443.2204P. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu879. S2CID 119295582., but compare “[we estimate] the virial mass and radius of the galaxy to be 0.8 × 10 ^ ± 0.1 × 10 ^ M (1.59 × 10 ± 2.0 × 10 kg)” Kafle, Prajwal R.; Sharma, Sanjib; Lewis, Geraint F.; et al. (1 February 2018). “The Need for Speed: Escape velocity and dynamical mass measurements of the Andromeda Galaxy”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 475 (3): 4043–4054. arXiv:1801.03949. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.475.4043K. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty082. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 54039546. ↩

  9. Young, Kelly (6 June 2006). “The Andromeda galaxy hosts a trillion stars”. New Scientist. Retrieved 6 October 2014. ↩

  10. De Vaucouleurs, Gerard; De Vaucouleurs, Antoinette; Corwin, Herold G.; Buta, Ronald J.; Paturel, Georges; Fouque, Pascal (1991). Third Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies. Bibcode:1991rc3..book…D. ↩

  11. This is the diameter as measured through the D standard. The halo extends up to a distance of 67.45 kiloparsecs (220,000 ly). ↩

  12. Thilker, David A.; Braun, Robert; Walterbos, Ren A. M.; Corbelli, Edvige; Lockman, Felix J.; Murphy, Edward; Maddalena, Ronald (2004). “On the Continuing Formation of the Andromeda Galaxy: Detection of H i Clouds in the M31 Halo”. The Astrophysical Journal. 601 (1): L39–L42. arXiv:astro-ph/0311571. Bibcode:2004ApJ…601L..39T. doi:10.1086/381703. ↩