⏾ Concept Map

C++ ○˒｜appendage｜___｜20260628155835-01-•

C++…
Logo endorsed by the C++ standards committee…
ParadigmsMulti-paradigm: procedural, imperative, functional, object-oriented, generic, modular, reflective1, Design by contract
FamilyC
Designed byBjarne Stroustrup
DeveloperISO/IEC JTC 1 (Joint Technical Committee 1) / SC 22 (Subcommittee 22) / WG 21 (Working Group 21)
First appeared1985
Stable releaseC++23 (ISO/IEC 14882:2024) / 19 October 2024
Preview releaseC++26 (N5032)2 / 15 December 2025
Typing disciplineStatic, strong, nominative, partially inferred
OSCross-platform
Filename extensions.C, .cc, .cpp, .cxx, .c++, .h, .H, .hh, .hpp, .hxx, .h++ .cppm, .ixx3
Websiteisocpp.org
Major implementations…
GCC, LLVM Clang, Microsoft Visual C++, Embarcadero C++Builder, Intel C++ Compiler, IBM XL C++, EDG…
Influenced by…
Ada, ALGOL 68,4 BCPL,5 C, CLU,4 F#,67 ML, Mesa,4 Modula-2,4 Simula, Smalltalk4…
Influenced…
Ada 95, C#,8 C99, Carbon, Chapel,9 Clojure,10 D, Java,11 JS++,12 Lua,13 Nim,14 Objective-C++, Perl, PHP, Python,15 Rust16…
• C++ Programming at Wikibooks…

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Footnotes

  1. Wyatt Childers; et al. (26 June 2024). “P2996R4 - Reflection for C++26”. isocpp.org. WG21. ↩

  2. “N5032: Working Draft, Programming Languages — C++” (PDF). ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22. 15 December 2025. Retrieved 29 April 2026. ↩

  3. “Overview of modules in C++”. Microsoft. 24 April 2023. ↩

  4. Stroustrup, Bjarne (1996). “A history of C++: 1979-1991”. History of programming languages---II. ACM. pp. 699–769. doi:10.1145/234286.1057836. ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  5. Stroustrup, Bjarne (16 December 2021). “C++20: Reaching for the Aims of C++ - Bjarne Stroustrup - CppCon 2021”. CppCon. Archived from the original on 30 December 2021. Retrieved 30 December 2021. ↩

  6. Stroustrup, Bjarne (12 June 2020). “Thriving in a crowded and changing world: C++ 2006–2020”. Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages. 4 (HOPL). Association for Computing Machinery (ACM): 1–168. doi:10.1145/3386320. ISSN 2475-1421. S2CID 219603741. ↩

  7. For the idea of the C++20 stackless coroutines. ↩

  8. Naugler, David (May 2007). “C# 2.0 for C++ and Java programmer: conference workshop”. Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges. 22 (5). Although C# has been strongly influenced by Java it has also been strongly influenced by C++ and is best viewed as a descendant of both C++ and Java. ↩

  9. “Chapel spec (Acknowledgements)” (PDF). Cray Inc. 1 October 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 June 2018. Retrieved 14 January 2016. ↩

  10. Fogus, Michael. “Rich Hickey Q&A”. Code Quarterly. Archived from the original on 11 January 2017. Retrieved 11 January 2017. ↩

  11. Harry. H. Chaudhary (28 July 2014). “Cracking The Java Programming Interview:: 2000+ Java Interview Que/Ans”. Archived from the original on 27 May 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2016. ↩

  12. Roger Poon (1 May 2017). “Scaling JS++: Abstraction, Performance, and Readability”. Archived from the original on 11 May 2020. Retrieved 21 April 2020. ↩

  13. “The evolution of an extension language: a history of Lua”. www.lua.org. Retrieved 4 January 2023. ↩

  14. “FAQ Nim Programming Language”. Archived from the original on 11 July 2017. Retrieved 21 April 2020. ↩

  15. “9. Classes — Python 3.6.4 documentation”. docs.python.org. Archived from the original on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 9 January 2018. ↩

  16. “Influences - The Rust Reference”. doc.rust-lang.org. Retrieved 4 January 2023. ↩