⏾ Concept Map

Java ○˒｜appendage｜___｜20260628174208-01-•

Java…
ParadigmMulti-paradigm: generic, object-oriented (class-based), functional, imperative, reflective, concurrent
FamilyJVM-hosted
Designed byJames Gosling
DeveloperOracle Corporation
First appearedMay 23, 19951
Stable releaseJava SE 262 / 17 March 2026
Typing disciplineStatic, strong, safe, nominative, manifest
Memory managementGarbage-collected
Filename extensions.java, .class, .jar, .jmod, .war
Website• oracle .com /java /
• java .com
• dev .java
Influenced by…
CLU,3 Simula67,3 Lisp,3 Smalltalk,3 Ada 83, C++,4 C#,5 Eiffel,6 Mesa,7 Modula-3,8 Oberon,9 Objective-C,10 UCSD Pascal,1112 Object Pascal13…
Influenced…
Ada 2005, ArkTS, BeanShell, C#, Chapel,14 Clojure, ECMAScript, Fantom, Gambas,15 Groovy, Hack,16 Haxe, J#, JavaScript, JS++, Kotlin, PHP, Python, Scala, Vala…
• Java Programming at Wikibooks…

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Footnotes

  1. Binstock, Andrew (May 20, 2015). “Java’s 20 Years of Innovation”. Forbes. Archived from the original on March 14, 2016. Retrieved March 18, 2016. ↩

  2. “JDK 26”. ↩

  3. Barbara Liskov with John Guttag (2000). Program Development in Java – Abstraction, Specification, and Object-Oriented Design. USA, Addison Wesley. ISBN 978-0-201-65768-5. ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  4. Chaudhary, Harry H. (July 28, 2014). “Cracking The Java Programming Interview:: 2000+ Java Interview Que/Ans”. Archived from the original on September 29, 2023. Retrieved May 29, 2016. ↩

  5. Java 5.0 added several new language features (the enhanced for loop, autoboxing, varargs and annotations), after they were introduced in the similar (and competing) C# language. [1] Archived March 19, 2011, at the Wayback Machine [2] Archived January 7, 2006, at the Wayback Machine ↩

  6. Gosling, James; McGilton, Henry (May 1996). “The Java Language Environment”. Archived from the original on May 6, 2014. Retrieved May 6, 2014. ↩

  7. Gosling, James; Joy, Bill; Steele, Guy; Bracha, Gilad. “The Java Language Specification, 2nd Edition”. Archived from the original on August 5, 2011. Retrieved February 8, 2008. ↩

  8. “The A-Z of Programming Languages: Modula-3”. Computerworld. Archived from the original on January 5, 2009. Retrieved June 9, 2010. ↩

  9. Niklaus Wirth stated on a number of public occasions, e.g. in a lecture at the Polytechnic Museum, Moscow in September 2005 (several independent first-hand accounts in Russian exist, e.g. one with an audio recording: Filippova, Elena (September 22, 2005). “Niklaus Wirth’s lecture at the Polytechnic Museum in Moscow”. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved November 20, 2011.), that the Sun Java design team licensed the Oberon compiler sources a number of years prior to the release of Java and examined it: a (relative) compactness, type safety, garbage collection, no multiple inheritance for classes – all these key overall design features are shared by Java and Oberon. ↩

  10. Patrick Naughton cites Objective-C as a strong influence on the design of the Java programming language, stating that notable direct derivatives include Java interfaces (derived from Objective-C’s protocol) and primitive wrapper classes. [3] Archived July 13, 2011, at the Wayback Machine ↩

  11. TechMetrix Research (1999). “History of Java” (PDF). Java Application Servers Report. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 29, 2010. The project went ahead under the name green and the language was based on an old model of UCSD Pascal, which makes it possible to generate interpretive code. ↩

  12. “A Conversation with James Gosling”. ACM Queue. Vol. 2, no. 5. Association for Computing Machinery. August 31, 2004. Archived from the original on July 16, 2015. Retrieved June 9, 2010. ↩

  13. The Java Language Team. About Microsoft’s ‘Delegates’ (White Paper). JavaSoft, Sun Microsystems, Inc. Archived from the original on June 27, 2012. In the summer of 1996, Sun was designing the precursor to what is now the event model of the AWT and the JavaBeans component architecture. Borland contributed greatly to this process. We looked very carefully at Delphi Object Pascal and built a working prototype of bound method references in order to understand their interaction with the Java programming language and its APIs. ↩

  14. “Chapel spec (Acknowledgements)” (PDF). Cray Inc. October 1, 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 5, 2016. Retrieved January 14, 2016. ↩

  15. “Gambas Documentation Introduction”. Gambas Website. Archived from the original on October 9, 2017. Retrieved October 9, 2017. ↩

  16. “Facebook Q&A: Hack brings static typing to PHP world”. InfoWorld. March 26, 2014. Archived from the original on February 13, 2015. Retrieved January 11, 2015. ↩