| JavaScript | … |
|---|---|
| Official logo of TC39, the technical committee responsible for maintaining JavaScript | … |
| Screenshot of JavaScript source code | … |
| Paradigms | Multi-paradigm: event-driven, functional, imperative, procedural, object-oriented |
| Family | ECMAScript |
| Designed by | Brendan Eich of Netscape first; then others contributed to ECMAScript standard |
| First appeared | 4 December 19951 |
| Stable release | ECMAScript 20242 / June 2024 |
| Preview release | ECMAScript 20253 / 27 March 2024 |
| Typing discipline | Dynamic, weak, duck |
| Memory management | Garbage collected |
| Scope | Lexical |
| Filename extensions | .js • .mjs • .cjs4 |
| Website | ecma-international.org/publications-and-standards/standards/ecma-262/ |
| Major implementations | … |
| V8, JavaScriptCore, SpiderMonkey; Chakra (deprecated) | … |
| Influenced by | … |
| Java,56 Scheme,6 Self,7 AWK,8 HyperTalk9 | … |
| Influenced | … |
| ActionScript, ArkTS, AssemblyScript, CoffeeScript, Dart, Haxe, JS++, Opa, TypeScript | … |
| • JavaScript at Wikibooks | … |
(echo:: @ ᯤ)
Footnotes
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“Netscape and Sun announce JavaScript, the Open, Cross-platform Object Scripting Language for Enterprise Networks and the Internet” (Press release). 4 December 1995. Archived from the original on 16 September 2007. ↩
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“ECMAScript® 2024 Language Specification”. June 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024. ↩
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“ECMAScript® 2025 Language Specification”. 27 March 2024. Retrieved 17 April 2024. ↩
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“nodejs/node-eps”. GitHub. Archived from the original on 29 August 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2018. ↩
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Seibel, Peter (16 September 2009). Coders at Work: Reflections on the Craft of Programming. Apress. ISBN 978-1-4302-1948-4. Archived from the original on 24 December 2020. Retrieved 25 December 2018. Eich: The immediate concern at Netscape was it must look like Java. ↩
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“Chapter 4. How JavaScript Was Created”. speakingjs.com. Archived from the original on 27 February 2020. Retrieved 21 November 2017. ↩ ↩2
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“Popularity – Brendan Eich”. ↩
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“Brendan Eich: An Introduction to JavaScript, JSConf 2010”. YouTube. 20 January 2013. p. 22m. Archived from the original on 29 August 2020. Retrieved 25 November 2019. Eich: “function”, eight letters, I was influenced by AWK. ↩
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Eich, Brendan (1998). “Foreword”. In Goodman, Danny (ed.). JavaScript Bible (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-7645-3188-3. LCCN 97078208. OCLC 38888873. OL 712205M. ↩