| Character | Meaning |
|---|---|
'r' | open for reading (default) |
'w' | open for writing, truncating the file first |
'x' | open for exclusive creation, failing if the file already exists |
'a' | open for writing, appending to the end of file if it exists |
'b' | binary mode |
't' | text mode (default) |
'+' | open for updating (reading and writing) |
(echo:: @ ᯤ)