| A | B |
|---|---|
| Liquid oxygen (O at below −183 °C) | … |
| Oxygen | … |
| Allotropes | O, O (ozone) and more (see Allotropes of oxygen) |
| Appearance | gas: colorless liquid and solid: pale blue |
| Standard atomic weight A °(O) | … |
| • [15.999 03 , 15.999 77] 1 • 15.999 ± 0.001 (abridged) 2 | |
| Oxygen in the periodic table | … |
| – ↑ O ↓ S nitrogen ← oxygen → fluorine | … |
| Atomic number (Z) | 8 |
| Group | group 16 (chalcogens) |
| Period | period 2 |
| Block | p-block |
| Electron configuration | [He] 2s 2p |
| Electrons per shell | 2, 6 |
| Physical properties | … |
| Phase at STP | gas |
| Melting point | (O) 54.36 K (−218.79 °C, −361.82 °F) |
| Boiling point | (O) 90.188 K (−182.962 °C, −297.332 °F) |
| Density (at STP) | 1.429 g/L |
| when liquid (at b.p.) | 1.141 g/cm |
| Triple point | 54.361 K, 0.1463 kPa |
| Critical point | 154.581 K, 5.043 MPa |
| Heat of fusion | (O) 0.444 kJ/mol |
| Heat of vaporization | (O) 6.82 kJ/mol |
| Molar heat capacity | 14.689 J/(mol·K) (O) 29.378 J/(mol·K) (O) |
| Specific heat capacity | 918.12 J/(kg·K) (O) |
| Vapor pressure | … |
| Atomic properties | … |
| Oxidation states | common: −2 −1,3 0, +1,3 +23 |
| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 3.44 |
| Ionization energies | • 1st: 1313.9 kJ/mol • 2nd: 3388.3 kJ/mol • 3rd: 5300.5 kJ/mol • (more) |
| Covalent radius | 66±2 pm |
| Van der Waals radius | 152 pm |
| Spectral lines of oxygen | … |
| Other properties | … |
| Natural occurrence | primordial |
| Crystal structure | cubic (cP16) |
| Lattice constant | a = 678.28 pm (at t.p.)4 |
| Thermal conductivity | 26.58×10 W/(m⋅K) |
| Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | +3449.0×10 cm/mol (293 K)5 |
| Speed of sound | 330 m/s (gas, at 27 °C) |
| CAS Number | 7782-44-7 |
| History | … |
| Naming | from the Greek ὀξύς (acid, literally ‘sharp’, from the taste of acids) and -γενής (producer) |
| Discovery | Michael Sendivogius Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1604, 1771) |
| Named by | Antoine Lavoisier (1777) |
| Isotopes of oxygen | … |
Oxygen, O
(echo:: @ ᯤ)
Footnotes
-
“Standard Atomic Weights: Oxygen”. CIAAW. 2009. ↩
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Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (May 4, 2022). “Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)”. Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075. ↩
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Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 28. doi:10.1016/C2009-0-30414-6. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8. ↩ ↩2 ↩3
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Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9. ↩
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Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4. ↩