| Unix | … |
|---|---|
| UNIX System III running on a PDP-11 simulator | … |
| Developer | Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Brian Kernighan, Douglas McIlroy, and Joe Ossanna at Bell Labs |
| Written in | C and assembly language |
| OS family | Unix |
| Source model | Historically proprietary software, while some Unix projects (including BSD family and Illumos) are open-source and historical Unix source code is archived. |
| Initial release | Development started in 1969 First manual published internally in November 19711 Announced outside Bell Labs in October 19732 |
| Available in | English |
| Kernel type | Varies; monolithic, microkernel, hybrid |
| Influenced by | CTSS,3 Multics |
| Default user interface | Command-line interface and Graphical (Wayland and X Window System; Android SurfaceFlinger; macOS Quartz) |
| License | Varies; some versions are proprietary, others are free/libre or open-source software |
| Official website | www.opengroup.org/unix-systems |
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Footnotes
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McIlroy, M. D. (1987). A Research Unix reader: annotated excerpts from the Programmer’s Manual, 1971–1986 (PDF) (Technical report). CSTR. Bell Labs. 139. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 November 2017. ↩
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Ritchie, D. M.; Thompson, K. (1978). “The UNIX Time-Sharing System” (PDF). The Bell System Technical Journal. 57 (6, part 2) (published July–August 1978). doi:10.1145/361011.361061. S2CID 53235982. ↩
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Ritchie, Dennis M. (1977). The Unix Time-sharing System: A retrospective (PDF). Tenth Hawaii International Conference on the System Sciences. Retrieved October 23, 2025. a good case can be made that[UNIX] is in essence a modern implementation of MIT’s CTSS system ↩