as ⚬ᵖʸ Entries

↩ 🔵 🔵 🔵

---

Primary

၊၊||၊|။

with ⚬ᵖʸ｜Documentation｜1st｜202510212358-00-⌔

8. Compound statements — Python 3 documentation#the-with-statement

8.5. The with statement

The with statement is used to wrap the execution of a block with methods defined by a context manager (see section With Statement Context Managers). This allows common try … except … finally usage patterns to be encapsulated for convenient reuse.

with_stmt:          "with" ( "(" with_stmt_contents ","? ")" | with_stmt_contents ) ":" suite
with_stmt_contents: with_item ("," with_item)﹡
with_item:          expression ["as" target]

The execution of the with statement with one “item” proceeds as follows:

• The context expression (the expression given in the with_item) is evaluated to obtain a context manager.
• The context manager’s __enter__() is loaded for later use.
• The context manager’s __exit__() is loaded for later use.
• The context manager’s __enter__() method is invoked.
• If a target was included in the with statement, the return value from __enter__() is assigned to it. Note: The with statement guarantees that if the __enter__() method returns without an error, then __exit__() will always be called. Thus, if an error occurs during the assignment to the target list, it will be treated the same as an error occurring within the suite would be. See step 7 below.
• The suite is executed.
• The context manager’s __exit__() method is invoked. If an exception caused the suite to be exited, its type, value, and traceback are passed as arguments to __exit__(). Otherwise, three None arguments are supplied. If the suite was exited due to an exception, and the return value from the __exit__() method was false, the exception is reraised. If the return value was true, the exception is suppressed, and execution continues with the statement following the with statement. If the suite was exited for any reason other than an exception, the return value from __exit__() is ignored, and execution proceeds at the normal location for the kind of exit that was taken.

The following code:

with EXPRESSION as TARGET:
   SUITE

is semantically equivalent to:

manager = (EXPRESSION)
enter = manager.__enter__
exit = manager.__exit__
value = enter()
hit_except = False
 
try:
   TARGET = value
   SUITE
except:
   hit_except = True
   if not exit(﹡sys.exc_info()):
       raise
finally:
   if not hit_except:
       exit(None, None, None)

except that implicit special method lookup is used for __enter__() and __exit__().

With more than one item, the context managers are processed as if multiple with statements were nested:

with A() as a, B() as b:
   SUITE

is semantically equivalent to:

with A() as a:
   with B() as b:
       SUITE

You can also write multi-item context managers in multiple lines if the items are surrounded by parentheses. For example:

with (
   A() as a,
   B() as b,
):
   SUITE

Changed in version 3.1: Support for multiple context expressions.

Changed in version 3.10: Support for using grouping parentheses to break the statement in multiple lines.

See also:

PEP 343 - The “with” statement

The specification, background, and examples for the Python with statement.

Printed 2026-06-28.

(echo:: @ ᯤ ᯤ)

Link to original

Secondary

• • •

---