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locals() ⚬ᵖʸ｜Documentation｜1st｜20251021195145-00-⌔

Built-in Functions — Python 3 documentation#locals

locals()

Return a mapping object representing the current local symbol table, with variable names as the keys, and their currently bound references as the values.

At module scope, as well as when using exec() or eval() with a single namespace, this function returns the same namespace as globals().

At class scope, it returns the namespace that will be passed to the metaclass constructor.

When using exec() or eval() with separate local and global arguments, it returns the local namespace passed in to the function call.

In all of the above cases, each call to locals() in a given frame of execution will return the same mapping object. Changes made through the mapping object returned from locals() will be visible as assigned, reassigned, or deleted local variables, and assigning, reassigning, or deleting local variables will immediately affect the contents of the returned mapping object.

In an optimized scope (including functions, generators, and coroutines), each call to locals() instead returns a fresh dictionary containing the current bindings of the function’s local variables and any nonlocal cell references. In this case, name binding changes made via the returned dict are not written back to the corresponding local variables or nonlocal cell references, and assigning, reassigning, or deleting local variables and nonlocal cell references does not affect the contents of previously returned dictionaries.

Calling locals() as part of a comprehension in a function, generator, or coroutine is equivalent to calling it in the containing scope, except that the comprehension’s initialised iteration variables will be included. In other scopes, it behaves as if the comprehension were running as a nested function.

Calling locals() as part of a generator expression is equivalent to calling it in a nested generator function.

Changed in version 3.12: The behaviour of locals() in a comprehension has been updated as described in PEP 709.

Changed in version 3.13: As part of PEP 667, the semantics of mutating the mapping objects returned from this function are now defined. The behavior in optimized scopes is now as described above. Aside from being defined, the behaviour in other scopes remains unchanged from previous versions.

Printed 2026-06-28.

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