Null Hypothesis ○ Entries

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Null Hypothesis ○｜Definition｜1st｜20251119205401-00-⌔

Null hypothesis - Wikipedia

Null hypothesis

The null hypothesis (often denoted $H_0$)¹ is the claim in scientific research that the effect being studied does not exist.² The null hypothesis can also be described as the hypothesis in which no relationship exists between two sets of data or variables being analyzed. If the null hypothesis is true, any experimentally observed effect is due to chance alone, hence the term “null”. In contrast with the null hypothesis, an alternative hypothesis (often denoted $H_A$ or $H_1$)³ is developed, which claims that a relationship does exist between two variables.

Printed 2026-06-28.

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Footnotes

1. Helmenstine, Anne Marie. “What Is the Null Hypothesis? Definition and Examples”. ThoughtCo. Retrieved 10 December 2019. ↩

2. Note that the term “effect” here is not meant to imply a causative relationship. ↩

3. Helmenstine, Anne Marie. “What Is the Null Hypothesis? Definition and Examples”. ThoughtCo. Retrieved 10 April 2025. ↩

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