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Orbital Inclination (i) ○◂｜Definition｜1st｜20251119205401-00-⌔

Orbital inclination - Wikipedia

Orbital inclination

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Orbital inclination measures the tilt of an object’s orbit around a celestial body. It is expressed as the angle between a reference plane and the orbital plane or axis of direction of the orbiting object.

For a satellite orbiting the Earth directly above the Equator, the plane of the satellite’s orbit is the same as the Earth’s equatorial plane, and the satellite’s orbital inclination is 0°. The general case for a circular orbit is that it is tilted, spending half an orbit over the northern hemisphere and half over the southern. If the orbit swung between 20° north latitude and 20° south latitude, then its orbital inclination would be 20°.

Printed 2026-06-28.

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Mass Function ○◂｜untitled_remarks｜1st｜20261011111750-00-●

Remillard & McClintock 2006 ┃ X-Ray Properties… ⚬𓂃

An observational quantity of special interest is the mass function, $f(M)\equiv P_{\mathrm{orb}}{K}_2^3/2\pi G=M_1{\sin }^{3}i/(1+q{)}^2$ (see Table 1, column 6). The observables on the left side of this equation are the orbital period $P_{\mathrm{orb}}$ and the half-amplitude of the velocity curve of the secondary $K_2$. On the right, the quantity of greatest interest is $M_1$, the mass of the BH primary (given in column 7); the other parameters are the orbital inclination angle $i$ and the mass ratio $q\equiv M_2/M_1$, where $M_2$ is the mass of the secondary. The value of $f(M)$ can be determined by simply measuring the radial velocity curve of the secondary star, and it corresponds to the absolute minimum allowable mass of the compact object.

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