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Quadratic ○꠹|Definition|1st|20251119205401-00-⌔

Quadratic function - Wikipedia

Quadratic function

In mathematics, a quadratic function of a single variable is a function of the form1

with ⁠ ⁠, where ⁠ ⁠ is its variable, and ⁠ ⁠, ⁠ ⁠, and ⁠ ⁠ are coefficients. The expression ⁠ ⁠, especially when treated as an object in itself rather than as a function, is a quadratic polynomial, a polynomial of degree two. In elementary mathematics a polynomial and its associated polynomial function are rarely distinguished and the terms quadratic function and quadratic polynomial are nearly synonymous and often abbreviated as quadratic.

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The graph of a real single-variable quadratic function is a parabola. If a quadratic function is equated with zero, then the result is a quadratic equation. The solutions of a quadratic equation are the zeros (or roots) of the corresponding quadratic function, of which there can be two, one, or zero. The solutions are described by the quadratic formula.

A quadratic polynomial or quadratic function can involve more than one variable. For example, a two-variable quadratic function of variables ⁠ ⁠ and ⁠ ⁠ has the form

with at least one of ⁠ ⁠, ⁠ ⁠, and ⁠ ⁠ not equal to zero. In general the zeros of such a quadratic function describe a conic section (a circle or other ellipse, a parabola, or a hyperbola) in the ⁠ ⁠ – ⁠ ⁠ plane. A quadratic function can have an arbitrarily large number of variables. The set of its zero form a quadric, which is a surface in the case of three variables and a hypersurface in general case.

Printed 2026-06-28.

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Footnotes

  1. Weisstein, Eric Wolfgang. “Quadratic Equation”. MathWorld. Retrieved 2013-01-06.

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