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UTF-8 - Wikipedia

UTF-8

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UTF-8 is a character encoding standard used for electronic communication. Defined by the Unicode Standard, the name is derived from Unicode Transformation Format – 8-bit.1 As of 2026, almost every webpage (99%) is transmitted as UTF-8.2

UTF-8 supports all 1,112,0643 valid Unicode code points using a variable-width encoding of one to four one- byte (8-bit) code units.

Code points with lower numerical values, which tend to occur more frequently, are encoded using fewer bytes. It was designed for backward compatibility with ASCII: the first 128 characters of Unicode, which correspond one-to-one with ASCII, are encoded using a single byte with the same binary value as ASCII, so that a UTF-8-encoded file using only those characters is identical to an ASCII file. Most software designed for any extended ASCII can read and write UTF-8, and this results in fewer internationalization issues than any alternative text encoding.45

UTF-8 is dominant for all countries/languages on the internet, is used in most standards, often the only allowed encoding, and is supported by all modern operating systems and programming languages.

Printed 2026-06-28.

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Footnotes

  1. Unicode® 6.0.0: Released: 2010 October 11 (Announcement) (6.0.0 ed.). Mountain View, California, US: The Unicode Consortium. ISBN 978-1-936213-01-6. Archived from the original on 2025-07-28. Retrieved 2025-08-23. ↩

  2. “Usage Survey of Character Encodings broken down by Ranking”. W3Techs. January 2026. Retrieved 2026-01-03. ↩

  3. “Conformance”. Unicode 16.0.0: Core Spec/Chapter 3 (6.0.0 ed.). Mountain View, California, US: The Unicode Consortium. 3.9 Unicode Encoding Forms. ISBN 978-1-936213-34-4. Archived from the original on 2025-07-01. Retrieved 2025-08-23. Each encoding form maps the Unicode code points U+0000..U+D7FF and U+E000..U+10FFFF ↩

  4. “UTF-8 support in the Microsoft GDK”. Microsoft Learn. Microsoft Game Development Kit (GDK). Retrieved 2023-03-05. ↩

  5. “Encoding Standard”. encoding.spec.whatwg.org. Retrieved 2025-11-20. ↩

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