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XRISM ○̉｜Definition｜1st｜20251119205401-00-⌔

X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission - Wikipedia

X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission

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The X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM, pronounced ‘crism’1 or ‘krizz-em’,2 as if the X was a chi), is an X-ray space telescope. It is a mission of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in partnership with NASA and ESA, intended to study galaxy clusters, outflows from galaxy nuclei, and dark matter.34

XRISM is a next generation X-ray astronomy spacecraft, succeeding the Chandra X-ray Observatory and XMM-Newton.[^2]5 XRISM is intended to fill a gap in observational capabilities between the anticipated retirement of those older X-ray telescopes and the future launch of the planned Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics (ATHENA). The Hitomi X-ray telescope was intended to fill that gap, but destroyed itself a few weeks after launch in 2016.[^2]5 XRISM replaces Hitomi’s role of filling the expected observational gap.

During its early design phase, XRISM was known as the “ASTRO-H Successor” or “ASTRO-H2”. After the loss of Hitomi, the name X-ray Astronomy Recovery Mission (XARM) was used, the R in the acronym referring to recovering Hitomi’s capabilities. The name was changed to XRISM in 2018 when JAXA formally initiated the project team.6

Printed 2026-06-28.

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Footnotes

  1. J. Kazmierczak (15 August 2023). “XRISM Spacecraft Will Open New Window on the X-ray Cosmos”. www.nasa.gov. NASA/GSFC. Retrieved 7 February 2025. ↩

  2. “XRISM factsheet”. European Space Agency. Retrieved 7 February 2025. ↩

  3. P. L. Hertz (22 June 2017). “Astrophysics” (PDF). NASA. p. 50. Retrieved 1 July 2017. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. ↩

  4. R. Fujimoto; M. Tashiro (5 January 2017). “ASTRO-Hに対する高エネルギーコミュニティの総括と今後の方向性について” (PDF) (in Japanese). JAXA. Retrieved 1 July 2017. ↩

  5. “Ｘ線天文衛星代替機の検討状況について” (PDF) (in Japanese). Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. 29 September 2016. Retrieved 1 July 2017. ↩ ↩2

  6. “X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission: What’s New?”. heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov. NASA/GSFC. Retrieved 22 January 2024. ↩

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