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Soft X-Ray ○꠹｜Definition｜1st｜20260605184914-00-⌔

X-ray - Wikipedia#Soft_and_hard_X-rays

Soft and hard X-rays

X-rays with high photon energies above 5–10 keV (below 0.2–0.1 nm wavelength) are called hard X-rays, while those with lower energy (and longer wavelength) are called soft X-rays.1 The intermediate range with photon energies of several keV is often referred to as tender X-rays. Due to their penetrating ability, hard X-rays are widely used to image the inside of objects (e.g. in medical radiography and airport security). The term X-ray is metonymically used to refer to a radiographic image produced using this method, in addition to the method itself. Since the wavelengths of hard X-rays are similar to the size of atoms, they are also useful for determining crystal structures by X-ray crystallography. By contrast, soft X-rays are easily absorbed in air; the attenuation length of 600 eV (~2 nm) X-rays in water is less than 1 micrometer.2

Printed 2026-06-28.

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Footnotes

  1. Attwood, David (1999). Soft X-rays and extreme ultraviolet radiation. Cambridge University. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-521-65214-8. Archived from the original on 11 November 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2012. ↩

  2. “Physics.nist.gov”. Physics.nist.gov. Retrieved 8 November 2011. ↩

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