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WSL ○˒｜Definition｜1st｜20251119205401-00-⌔

Windows Subsystem for Linux - Wikipedia

Windows Subsystem for Linux

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Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) is a component of Microsoft Windows that allows the use of a Linux environment from within Windows, forgoing the overhead of a virtual machine and being an alternative to dual booting. The WSL command-line interface tool is installed by default in Windows 11, but a distribution must be downloaded and installed through it before use.1 In Windows 10, WSL can be installed either by joining the Windows Insider program or manually via Microsoft Store or Winget.2

The original version, WSL 1, differs significantly from the second major version, WSL 2. WSL 1 (released August 2, 2016), acted as a compatibility layer for running Linux binary executables (in ELF format) by implementing Linux system calls in the Windows kernel.3 WSL 2 (announced May 20194), introduced a real Linux kernel – a managed virtual machine (via Hyper-V) that implements the full Linux kernel. As a result, WSL 2 is compatible with more Linux binaries as not all system calls were implemented in WSL 1.5 As of June 2026, WSL 1 is still maintained and supported.6

Microsoft offers WSL for a variety of reasons. Microsoft envisions WSL as “a tool for developers – especially web developers and those who work on or with open source projects”.7 Microsoft also claims that “WSL requires fewer resources (CPU, memory, and storage) than a full virtual machine” (a common alternative for using Linux in Windows), while also allowing the use of both Windows and Linux tools on the same set of files.7

The majority of WSL was released as open source software on May 19, 2025, although certain filesystem functions still rely on a closed-source proprietary library as of September 2025.

Printed 2026-06-28.

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Footnotes

  1. “How to install Linux on Windows with WSL”. Microsoft Learn. 19 November 2024. Archived from the original on 15 April 2026. Retrieved 15 April 2026. ↩

  2. pokhrel, bishal (27 December 2023). “Install WSL on Windows 10 or 11”. Droid Crafts. ↩

  3. Leeks, Stuart (2020). Windows Subsystem for Linux 2 (WSL 2) Tips, Tricks, and Techniques: Maximise Productivity of Your Windows 10 Development Machine with Custom Workflows and Configurations. Birmingham: Packt Publishing. pp. 18–19. ISBN 978-1-80056-352-0. OCLC 1202451000. ↩

  4. Craig Loewen (6 May 2019). “Announcing WSL 2”. Windows Command Line Tools For Developers. ↩

  5. mscraigloewen (19 November 2024). “About WSL 2”. docs.microsoft.com. ↩

  6. GrantMeStrength. “FAQ’s about Windows Subsystem for Linux”. learn.microsoft.com. Retrieved 10 June 2026. ↩

  7. “Frequently Asked Questions for WSL”. Microsoft. Retrieved 13 November 2016. ↩ ↩2

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