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Git - Wikipedia

Git

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Git (/ɡɪt/1) is a distributed version control software system2 that is capable of managing versions of source code or data. It is often used to control source code by programmers who are developing software collaboratively.

Design goals of Git include speed, data integrity, and support for distributed, non-linear workflows—thousands of parallel branches running on different computers.345

As with most other distributed version control systems, and unlike most client–server systems, Git maintains a local copy of the entire repository, also known as the “repo”, with history and version-tracking abilities, independent of network access or a central server. A repository is stored on each computer in a standard directory with additional, hidden files to provide version control capabilities.6 Git provides features to synchronize changes between repositories that share history; for asynchronous collaboration, this extends to repositories on remote machines. Although all repositories (with the same history) are peers, developers often use a central server to host a repository to hold an integrated copy.

Git is free and open-source software shared under the GPL-2.0-only license.

Git was originally created by Linus Torvalds for version control in the development of the Linux kernel.7 The trademark “Git” is registered by the Software Freedom Conservancy.

Today, Git is the version control system most commonly used by software developers. It is the most popular distributed version control system,89 with nearly 95% of developers reporting it as their primary version control system as of 2022.10 It is the most widely used source-code management tool among professional developers. Several different software forges offer Git repository services, including GitHub, SourceForge, Bitbucket and GitLab.1112131415

Printed 2026-06-28.

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Footnotes

  1. Tech Talk: Linus Torvalds on git. 14 May 2007. Event occurs at 00:01:30. Archived from the original on 20 December 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2014 – via YouTube. ↩

  2. Chacon & Straub 2014, pp. 29–31. ↩

  3. Torvalds, Linus (7 April 2005). “Re: Kernel SCM saga…” linux-kernel (Mailing list). Archived from the original on 1 July 2019. Retrieved 3 February 2017. “So I’m writing some scripts to try to track things a whole lot faster.” ↩

  4. Torvalds, Linus (10 June 2007). “Re: fatal: serious inflate inconsistency”. git (Mailing list). Archived from the original on 28 December 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2017. ↩

  5. Linus Torvalds (3 May 2007). Google tech talk: Linus Torvalds on git. Event occurs at 02:30. Archived from the original on 28 May 2007. Retrieved 16 May 2007. ↩

  6. Chacon, Scott (24 December 2014). Pro Git (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Apress. pp. 29–30. ISBN 978-1-4842-0077-3. Archived from the original on 25 December 2015. ↩

  7. “A Short History of Git”. Pro Git (2nd ed.). Apress. 2014. Archived from the original on 25 December 2015. Retrieved 26 December 2015. ↩

  8. Shirey, Russell G. (1 March 2015). “Git as an Encrypted Distributed Version Control System” (PDF). Defense Technical Information Center. p. 38. Retrieved 13 July 2025. ↩

  9. Knüpfer, Andreas; Callow, Timothy J. (2025). “Data Version Management and Machine-Actionable Reproducibility for HPC based on git and DataLad”. arXiv:2505.06558 [cs.DC]. ↩

  10. “Stack Overflow Developer Survey 2022”. Stack Overflow. Archived from the original on 27 June 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2022. ↩

  11. Krill, Paul (28 September 2016). “Enterprise repo wars: GitHub vs. GitLab vs. Bitbucket”. InfoWorld. Archived from the original on 2 February 2020. Retrieved 2 February 2020. ↩

  12. “github.com Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic”. Alexa. Archived from the original on 31 March 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2020. ↩

  13. “sourceforge.net Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic”. Alexa. Archived from the original on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 2 February 2020. ↩

  14. “bitbucket.org Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic”. Alexa. Archived from the original on 23 June 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2020. ↩

  15. “gitlab.com Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic”. Alexa. Archived from the original on 30 November 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2020. ↩

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