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io ⚬⃕ᵖʸ｜Documentation｜1st｜20260122192714-00-⌔

io — Core tools for working with streams — Python 3.14.2 documentation

Overview

The io module provides Python’s main facilities for dealing with various types of I/O. There are three main types of I/O: text I/O, binary I/O and raw I/O. These are generic categories, and various backing stores can be used for each of them. A concrete object belonging to any of these categories is called a file object. Other common terms are stream and file-like object.

Independent of its category, each concrete stream object will also have various capabilities: it can be read-only, write-only, or read-write. It can also allow arbitrary random access (seeking forwards or backwards to any location), or only sequential access (for example in the case of a socket or pipe).

All streams are careful about the type of data you give to them. For example giving a str object to the write() method of a binary stream will raise a TypeError. So will giving a bytes object to the write() method of a text stream.

Changed in version 3.3: Operations that used to raise IOError now raise OSError, since IOError is now an alias of OSError.

Printed 2026-06-28.

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