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pwd ⚬ˢʰ｜Definition｜1st｜20260523112653-00-⌔

pwd - Wikipedia

pwd

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**pwd** (p rint w orking d irectory)123 is a shell command that reports the working directory path to standard output.45678910

Although often associated with Unix, its predecessor Multics had a pwd command (which was a short name of the print_wdir command11) from which the Unix command originated.12 The command is part of the X/Open Portability Guide since issue 2 of 1987. It was inherited into the first version of POSIX.1 and the Single Unix Specification.13 It appeared in Version 5 Unix.14 The version bundled in GNU Core Utilities was written by Jim Meyering.15

The command is available in other shells and operating systems including SpartaDOS X,16 PANOS,17 and KolibriOS.18 PowerShell provides pwd as an alias for the cmdlet Get-Location. An equivalent command in COMMAND.COM and Command Prompt is the cd command with no arguments. On Windows CE 5.0, cmd.exe includes a pwd command.19 The OpenVMS equivalent is show default.

The numerical computing environments MATLAB and GNU Octave include a pwd function with similar functionality.2021

The command is implemented as a shell builtin in many Unix shells including sh, ash, bash, ksh, and zsh. It can be implemented with the POSIX getcwd() or getwd() functions.

Printed 2026-06-28.

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Footnotes

  1. “pwd(1) [minix man page]”. www.unix.com. ↩

  2. “pwd - print name of current/working directory - man page”. www.mankier.com. Archived from the original on 2016-08-28. Retrieved 2016-08-25. ↩

  3. “GNU Coreutils”. www.gnu.org. Archived from the original on 2004-02-05. Retrieved 2016-07-22. ↩

  4. Unix Time-Sharing System: Unix Programmer’s Manual (PDF). Vol. 1 (7th ed.). Bell labs. January 1979. p. 142. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-05-20. ↩

  5. “pwd(1) [plan9 man page]”. www.unix.com. ↩

  6. “pwd”. pubs.opengroup.org. Archived from the original on 2011-05-16. Retrieved 2020-09-12. ↩

  7. “pwd(1) [osf1 man page]”. www.unix.com. ↩

  8. “Apple OS X MAN page”. Archived from the original on 2011-09-24. Retrieved 2015-08-27. ↩

  9. “pwd(1) - OpenBSD manual pages”. man.openbsd.org. Archived from the original on 2018-02-04. Retrieved 2018-02-04. ↩

  10. “pwd(1) [opensolaris man page]”. www.unix.com. ↩

  11. “working_dir, wd, print_wdir, pwd (Multics help segment)”. MIT. Archived from the original on 2 April 2021. Retrieved 7 March 2020. ↩

  12. Van Vleck, Tom. “Unix and Multics”. Multicians.org. Archived from the original on 26 April 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2020. ↩

  13. wc – Shell and Utilities Reference, The Single UNIX Specification, Version 5 from The Open Group ↩

  14. pwd(1) – FreeBSD General Commands Manual ↩

  15. pwd(1) – Linux User Manual – User Commands ↩

  16. “SpartaDOS X 4.48 User Guide” (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-10-10. Retrieved 2019-03-16. ↩

  17. “Chris’s Acorns: Panos”. chrisacorns.computinghistory.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2016-03-31. Retrieved 2019-03-16. ↩

  18. “Shell - KolibriOS wiki”. wiki.kolibrios.org. Archived from the original on 2019-02-11. Retrieved 2019-03-16. ↩

  19. “Command Processor Commands (Windows CE 5.0)”. docs.microsoft.com. Archived from the original on 2020-05-15. Retrieved 2020-04-13. ↩

  20. “Identify current folder - MATLAB pwd”. www.mathworks.com. Archived from the original on 2022-04-09. Retrieved 2019-04-06. ↩

  21. “Function Reference: pwd”. octave.sourceforge.io. Archived from the original on 2022-04-20. Retrieved 2019-04-06. ↩

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pwd ⚬ˢʰ｜docu｜1st｜20251021001049-00-◊

pwd(1) - Linux manual page
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